Ethereum transaction fees would be five times more expensive if not for layer-2 rollup networks like Optimism and Arbitrum.

That’s according to a recent report from blockchain infrastructure unit Chainstack. Aside from fees between 360% and 419% higher, transactions themselves would take nearly twice as long on average, Chainstack found. 

Wait times would even stretch to 114 seconds compared to a block time of about 12 seconds (the minimum wait time if transactions are sent between blocks).

Rollups are designed to solve the blockchain trilemma — a tradeoff layer-1 networks must make between security, scalability and decentralization. Blockchains can only offer two of those elements…

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