In 2010, long before quantum computing became a mainstream concern in crypto circles, Bitcoin’s pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, was already sketching out how the network might respond if its underlying cryptography were ever compromised.

The premise was simple but consequential: Bitcoin’s security assumptions are not permanent. They can be replaced.

In early Bitcointalk discussions, Satoshi outlined a scenario in which the system’s cryptographic primitives — whether hashing or digital signatures—  could eventually weaken. If that happened gradually, the network could coordinate a transition: a protocol upgrade would introduce stronger algorithms, and users…

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